Environmental sensing: a review of approaches using GPS/GNSS

Abstract The condition of the environment is a critical factor for the quality of life and the well-being of humans. Environmental assessment ensures foreseeing and address of potential complications at an early stage in environmental planning and management. The recent technological advancements in spatiotemporal monitoring of environmental features provide to the scientific community the proper material for efficient and accurate assessment of the environment. This chapter aims to review the role of Global Positioning System (GPS)/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technologies in environmental sensing. The presentation focuses on the technologies and approaches followed in terms of data collection, analysis, and visualization and demonstrates the major categories of environmental sensing applications. The findings reveal a constantly gaining momentum of mobile monitoring and participatory systems. The adoption of GPS/GNSS enhancement techniques, including crowdsourcing methods, would assist environmental policymaking to establish targets and prioritize planned actions.