Wavefront measurements in the soft X-ray range

In this article we report a new wavefront sensor, developed at the Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique et Ionique, for a full characterization of soft X-ray beams. The Shack-Hartmann sensor has a theoretical accuracy in the order of at a wavelength around 13 nm. A cartography of the wave-vectors pointing of laser-pumped soft X-ray laser has been achieved. It has shown the presence of many ripples probably coming from plasma instabilities. Capillary discharge soft X-ray laser has been also investigated. For all the pumping configurations, the wavefront is spherical, divergent with a radius of about 6.5 m at 2.5 m from the plasma end. The best wavefront exhibits an error to a perfect wave of 3λ rms. Assuming to focus the beam with a f = 50 mm diffraction-limited mirror, a theoretical focal spot size of 0.5  μ m in diameter have been estimated containing 70% of the incident energy. In that case an intensity of 4 × 10 13  W cm −2 should be achieved.