Impairment of cognitive memory inhibition in individuals with intellectual disability: A meta-analysis

2019 
espanolAntecedentes: la afectacion de la inhibicion cognitiva se encuentra intimamente relacionada con el olvido de informacion relevante. Este meta-analisis tiene como objetivo conocer si los procesos de inhibicion cognitiva sobre la memoria estan afectados en personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI). Metodo: se seleccionaron y analizaron 11 estudios que incluyeron un total de 683 participantes. Los articulos fueron categorizados en funcion de la tarea utilizada, los procesos implicados, las modalidades sensoriales y el metodo. Resultados: a pesar del numero de estudios, se observaron dificultades significativas en inhibicion cognitiva sobre la memoria (ICM) en personas con DI, en comparacion con personas con desarrollo tipico (d = 0.62). Estas dificultades se observaron en todas las etapas cronologicas, excepto de 19 a 45 anos. En esta etapa, la evidencia fue escasa, a pesar de incluir el rango de los 31-40 anos, donde se ha observado presencia de envejecimiento prematuro en personas con DI. Conclusiones: se observaron dificultades en ICM en personas con DI. Se necesitan mas estudios para evaluar de forma mas exhaustiva el papel potencialmente moderador de la edad y de otros factores. EnglishBackground: Cognitive inhibition impairment is intimately related to the forgetfulness of relevant information. This meta-analysis aims to synthesise the evidence of impaired function of cognitive inhibition processes over memory in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Method: Eleven studies were selected and analysed and included a total of 683 participants. The studies were categorised according to variables such as the task used, the processes involved, the sensory modalities and the method. Results: Despite the small sample of studies, the results revealed significant difficulties with cognitive memory inhibition (CMI) tasks in individuals with ID compared with typical development (TD) individuals (d = 0.62). CMI problems were found in all life stages except the 19-45-year-old stage. In this stage, there was a smaller amount of evidence even though it included the 31-40-year-old range, during which premature aging has been observed in ID. Conclusions: An impairment of CMI in people with ID was observed. More studies are needed to more reliably assess the potential moderating role of age and other factors
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