Analysis of Carrier Transport in Tunnel-Junction Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers by a Coupled Nonequilibrium Green’s Function–Drift-Diffusion Approach

This work investigates carrier transport in tunnel junctions for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The study is performed with a quantum-corrected semiclassical approach, where tunneling is described rigorously with a nonequilibrium Green's function formalism based on a multiband description of the electronic structure. Validated with experimental results, the proposed approach provides a quantum-kinetic perspective of the tunneling process and paves the way toward a comprehensive theory of VCSELs, bridging the gap between semiclassical and quantum simulations.