Quantitative Compressive Optical Coherence Elastography Using Structural OCT Imaging and Optical Palpation to Measure Soft Contact Lens Mechanical Properties

In this study, the principle of ‘optical palpation’ was applied to a compression optical coherence elastography (OCE) method using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Optical palpation utilizes a compliant transparent material of known mechanical properties, which acts as a stress sensor, in order to derive the mechanical properties of a sample material under examination. This technique was applied to determine the mechanical properties of soft contact lenses, with one lens being used as the compliant stress sensor and the other as the sample under investigation to extract the mechanical properties. This compliant stress sensor allowed for the stress of the compression to be measured without the use of a force sensor. The strain of the materials was measured through an automatic boundary segmentation that tracks the material thickness (of the sensor and the sample) during compression through sequential structural OCT images. A total of five contact lens combinations were tested, using three separate commercially available contact lenses with unique mechanical properties. Various combinations of contact lens materials were used to further validate the technique. The Young’s modulus derived from this method was compared to nominal manufacturer’s values. Both accuracy and repeatability were assessed, with highly accurate measurements obtained, with a percentage difference between the nominal and experimentally derived Young’s modulus being less than 6% for all the tested combinations as well as providing a Young’s modulus that was not statistically significant different (p > 0.01) to the nominal value. The results demonstrate the potential of optical palpation in OCE to accurately measure the mechanical properties of a material without the use of sophisticated electronics to capture the stress of the sample. These findings have potential to be translated into a method for tissue mechanical testing with ex vivo and in vivo clinical applications.