Simultaneous quantitation of cytokinin bases and their glycoconjugates with stable isotope labelling ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

Abstract Cytokinins (CKs) are one class of important phytohormones widely investigated in most aspects of plant life. Similar to other phytohormones, CKs and their glycoconjugates are hydrophilic. Their ionisation efficiencies for mass spectrometry (MS) detection are rather poor, whereas their retention and separation on reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) are often unsatisfying. Chemical isotope labeling LC-MS analysis methods have been developed for most other phytohormones, enhancing their LC separations and quantitative sensitivity. However, there are currently no reports for chemical-labelled CKs. Here, we report a new chemical isotope labelling LC-MS analytical method for one-pot derivatization of CK bases and their glycoconjugates, based on differential benzylation labeling of the adenine skeleton of CKs with benzyl bromide and its deuterium isotope-labelled reagent. Benzylation alters the hydrophilicity of CKs and their glycoconjugates, improving their retention and separation on RPLC. The developed method demonstrated enhanced sensitivity, as the CKs and their glycoconjugates could be analysed with LODs within the range of 0.62–25.9 pg/mL. The method also demonstrated good intra- and inter-day precisions with standard deviations in the range of 1.9%–13.0%, and acceptable accuracy with recoveries in the range of 84.0%–119.9%. The developed method was employed on the quantitation of CKs in the fresh roots of Astragalus membranaceus collected from both fertilised and unfertilised fields. The significant impact that fertilisers had on endogenous CKs metabolism was observed. As such, monitoring endogenous CKs and their metabolites might be promising to control fertiliser abuse.