Producción y calidad de la semilla de sorgo en el Centro de México bajo polinización controlada

In Mexico, 99% of sorghum Sorghum bicolor seed is imported. This increases production costs and generates genotype adaptation problems. Although there are outstanding and adapted genotypes, seed production represents less than 1% of the total. The production technology must be adapted to the specific parents and region of the country, where the seed is increased. This study evaluated the quality of seeds of fourteen lines of sorghum (parents of seven hybrids), of INIFAP. In the spring-summer cycle (P-V) of 2018, in Celaya Guanajuato, Mexico, three sowing dates were established, May 12, June 6 and 28, under a random block design and three repetitions. Days/flowering, weight of a thousand seeds, germination at harvest and after six months of storage were evaluated. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences between lines (G), sowing dates (FS) in all variables and in the G x FS interaction for days to flowering, where the male-sterile lines (lines A), presented a difference of 8 to 10 days in days to flowering with the male parents (restorer lines R), in the FS of June 6, which would hinder the production of hybrid seed. As seed quality, despite heavy rainfall during grain filling and physiological maturity, the lines SBA-25, LBA-98, LBA-101 and the cross SBA25 x SBR-31 stood out for their high germination percentage (%) and maintained its quality after six months of storage.