Long-chain fatty acid-induced changes in gene expression in neonatal cardiac myocytes

Long-chain fatty acids are the most important substrates for the heart. In addition, they have been shown to affect signalling pathways and gene expression. To ex- plore the effects of long-chain fatty acids on cardiac gene expression, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were cultured for 48 h with either glucose (10 m M ), fatty acids (palmitic and oleic acid, 0.25 m M each), or a combination of both as exogenous substrates. Exposure to fatty acids (both in the absence or presence of glucose) neither affected cellular morphology and protein content nor induced alterations in the expression of phenotypic marker genes like atrial natri- uretic factor and the Ca-ATPase SERCA2. However, incuba- tion with fatty acids (with or without glucose) resulted in up to 4-fold increases of the mRNA levels of fatty acid trans- locase (FAT/CD36), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, acyl-CoA synthetase, and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. In contrast, the expression of genes coding for proteins in- volved in glucose uptake and metabolism, i.e., glucose trans- porter GLUT4, hexokinase II, and glyceraldehyde 3-phos- phate dehydrogenase, remained constant or even declined under these conditions. These changes corresponded with a 60% increase in cardiomyocyte fatty acid oxidation capacity. Interestingly, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- a (PPAR a )-ligand Wy 14,643, but not the PPAR g -ligand ciglitazone, also resulted in increased mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, fatty acids specifically and co-ordinately up-regulate transcrip- tion of genes coding for proteins involved in cardiac fatty acid transport and metabolism, most likely through activa- tion of PPAR a . —van der Lee, K. A. J. M., M. M. Vork, J. E. De Vries, P. H. M. Willemsen, J. F. C. Glatz, R. S. Reneman, G. J. Van der Vusse, and M. Van Bilsen. Long-chain fatty acid-induced changes in gene expression in neonatal car- diac myoctyes. J. Lipid Res. 2000. 41: 41-47.