Residual carbon evolution in BaTiO3 ceramics studied by XPS after ion etching

Abstract The surface of BaTiO 3 ceramics and a freshly fractured ceramic surface were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ti 2p , Ba 3d , O 1s and C 1s photopeaks were analysed before and after Ar + ion sputter etching. Then the evolution of the Ba 3d and C 1s spectra after a long bombardment at liquid nitrogen temperature was recorded as a function of time and during reheating to room temperature. The intrinsic residual carbon of the material was found to occur in the form of C–O groups and low energy C* carbon at binding energies of 287 and 282 eV, respectively. La surface et la fracture de ceramiques de BaTiO 3 ont ete etudiees par spectroscopie de photoelectrons. Les spectres des niveaux Ti 2p , Ba 3d , O 1s et C 1s sont analyses avant et apres un decapage par bombardement d’ions Ar + . Puis l’evolution des spectres des niveaux Ba 3d et C 1s apres un long bombardement ionique a la temperature de l’azote liquide est suivie en fonction du temps et lors du rechauffement jusqu’a 20°C. Le carbone residuel intrinseque au materiau est mis en evidence et detecte sous forme de groupes C–O et de carbone de basse energie, respectivement, a 287 et 282 eV.