Kinetic modeling of stimulated electromagnetic emissions during ionospheric heating experiment

Stimulated electromagnetic emissions (SEEs) induced by high power electromagnetic waves injected into ionospheric plasmas provide direct parameter retrieval and assessment of nonlinear wave-particle interaction in the resonance regime. The broad upshifted maximum (BUM) is the most prominent spectral line in ionospheric stimulated electromagnetic radiation, which is associated with artificial ionization layers. A parametric process responsible for the generation of the BUM is investigated by two-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell simulations. Preliminary results show that simulated frequency spectra of the BUM emission agrees with experimental observations near the fourth electron gyroharmonic $4f_{\text{ce}}$ . Towards developing reliable SEE sensing techniques, this model provides a powerful tool for investigating stimulated electromagnetic emissions and associated plasma parameters.