Target localisation in multistatic radar using BR, TDOA, and AOA measurements

This study investigates the target localisation problem by using the hybrid bistatic range (BR), time difference of arrival, and angle of arrival (AOA) measurements in multistatic passive radar. An explicit algebraic solution is developed by linearising the non-linear measurement equations through introducing multiple nuisance parameters in the first stage and estimating the localisation error of the first stage solution to refine the final target position estimate in the second stage. The closed-form resulting estimator has attractive computational complexity. Theoretical analysis of the proposed method is presented, and it is shown to be able to reach the Cramer–Rao lower bound at low noise levels. Simulations are included to validate the performance of the proposed estimator.