U.S. Department of Defense‐Funded Fate and Transport Research on Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances at Aqueous Film‐Forming Foam‐Impacted Sites

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has invested heavily in research intended to improve our understanding of the composition, fate, and transport behavior of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mixtures at sites where aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) was previously used. The vast majority of this research has been funded through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). While much uncertainty remains, the PFAS fate and transport research funded by SERDP and ESTCP has collectively contributed to a growing understanding of the complexity and importance of vadose zone processes and resulting soil retention. This article summarizes much of this work and the overarching conclusions to date. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.