Scientific Basis of Distance Determination Between Objects by the Computerized Systems of Mechanical Quantities Measurement

Nowadays, wireless technologies are increasingly used in information measuring systems. The article will describe the concept of using wireless sensory networks (WSN) as a computerized system for measuring mechanical quantities, namely, the distance (object localization). Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of sensory nodes that are used to control a particular area. This type of network has become popular due to its application, which includes several areas, such as environmental, medical, industrial, household, agricultural and meteorological. In this article it is proposed to consider sensor networks as a kind of computerized systems for measuring mechanical quantities, for example, measuring the distance between objects and analyzing the measurement error. It is proposed to describe the mathematical model of this problem, as well as formulate the basic definitions of system elements. In this work a structural diagram of the measu­ring device of a wireless sensor network, consisting of a sensor, a microcontroller, a power element and a transceiver was constructed. The mathematical model of determination of coordinates in a wireless sensor network is proposed, which includes the distance between adjacent nodes, the number of sensor nodes forming the system of equations and the distribution function. A number of definitions have been introduced that characterize the process of establishing the current state of the node of the sensor network, namely: Defined nodes, Anchor nodes, Units of additional information, Localization problem. The criteria for classification of localization algorithms are defined, namely: data identification, data correlation, node addressing, network management, geographic algorithms. A study of a mathematical model was conducted. The purpose of these studies was to find new alternative methods for determining the distance between objects, which, in addition to the classical means of measuring mechanical quantities, was proposed to use the function of localization of objects of wireless sensor networks. As a result of the research, the error of the localization of the nodes of the sensor network was estimated. The experiment data with the model of the sensor network made it possible to analyze the possible ways to reduce the localization error in further research.