Serum 25(OH)D concentration and its association with inflammation and oxidative stress in the middle-aged Indian healthy and diabetic subjects

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. We have studied the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods We have recruited total 180 male and female subjects aged between 30-50 years and divided them into two groups as control (n=90) and T2DM (n=90). We have measured 25(OH)D concentration, markers of inflammation including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) by using standard methods. Results We stratified control and T2DM groups by 25(OH)D concentration and it indicates that in severe deficiency and sufficiency category IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Ox-LDL were significantly different while in moderate deficiency category only MDA was significantly different, among control and T2DM groups. In an insufficiency category, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, and Ox-LDL were significantly different among control and T2DM groups. Correlation analysis indicates a negative correlation of 25(OH)D with IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Ox-LDL among total subjects. Further, logistics regression analysis demonstrated a significant association of different categories of 25(OH)D with IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Ox-LDL before and after adjustment to body mass index and waist to hip ratio. Conclusion This study suggest that vitamin D may have significant implications in the prevention of inflammation and oxidative stress.