Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance for Investigating Glasses and Raw Materials (Review)

It is shown that electron paramagnetic resonance can be used to study the fine structure of glasses and glass enamel materials as well as to find and identify defects in glass. The spectra of paramagnetic ions (Cu2+, V4+, Ti3+, Mo5+ Mn2+, Fe3+ ) are discussed. Specific examples of the detection of these ions in sitals, in which they are introduced as surface-active additives or are present as impurities entering the crystallized glass via the raw materials, are examined. It is determined that the most informative ions for studying the structure and phase separation of glass are Cu2+ and V4+.