Institutional constraints and public acceptance barriers to utilization of municipal wastewater and sludge for land reclamation and biomass production

This study has involved an analysis of the institutional constraints and public acceptance barriers to the development of full scale projects utilizing sewage sludge in land reclamation and biomass production. Public opposition to land application projects is generally initiated by a small group with a very strong anti-project bias. Public officials, in local government or regulatory agencies, may also be opposed to a proposed project and can frequently use their authority to impede development. Compliance with the various institutional and regulatory requirements is a project's first line of defense.