Analysis of factors affecting the diagnostic yield of image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy for peritoneal/omental lesions.

To evaluate the diagnostic yield, safety, and factors associated with the diagnostic yield of percutaneous core needle biopsy (PNB) for peritoneal/omental lesions. Consecutive 297 patients (67 men, 230 women; median age, 64 years [range 15–87]) who underwent a PNB for 311 peritoneal/omental lesions at a single center from April 2010 to March 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. The preprocedural CT findings, diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, technical success rate, and adverse events were analyzed. Surgical or clinical diagnosis with follow-up was the diagnostic reference standard. Adverse events were evaluated using the Society of Interventional Radiology guidelines. The median anteroposterior (AP) diameter and CT value of the target lesion were 24 mm (range 5–78) and 46 HU (range − 75 to 140), respectively. Ascites was interposed on the puncture route in 106 patients (34.1%). The technical success rate was 100%. The diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 93.9%, 93.8%, 100%, 100%, and 20.8%, respectively. Minor complications were observed following five procedures (1.6%). The diagnostic yield was lower for fat-dominant lesions than for other lesions (82.6% vs. 95.8%, p = 0.002). The diagnostic PNB group had a greater AP diameter than did the non-diagnostic PNB group (27.3 ± 13.0 vs. 20.7 ± 8.4 mm, p = 0.037). PNB for peritoneal/omental lesions provided a sufficiently high diagnostic yield and minimal adverse events. Lesions with a greater AP diameter and a higher density on CT would provide more diagnostic specimens from this technique.