Elevated levels of β-chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of individuals infected with human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)

Pulmonary complications are known to develop in HTLV- 1 carriers, including T lymphocytic alveolitis, and increased IL-2 receptor α (CD25)-bearing T cells have been found in BALF. Several chemokines may contribute to accumulation of T lymphocytes in the lungs of HTLV- carriers. Here, we compared the distribution of T lymphocyte subsets and β-chemokines, such as macrophage inflammatory peptide-1α (MIP-1α), regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), and macrophage chemoattractant protein- 1 (MCP-1), in BALF and peripheral blood between HTLV- 1 carriers and non-infected healthy normal subjects. Flow cytometric analysis with MoAbs to cell surface antigens was used to identify T lymphocyte subsets in BALF samples from HTLV-I carriers (n = 13) and non-infected healthy controls (n = 10). The levels of different β-chemokines were estimated by ELISA. High percentages of CD3 + cells, CD3 expressing HLA-DR antigen and CD3 + CD25 + cells were detected in BALF of HTLV- 1 carriers compared with non-infected controls. The concentration of MIP-1α in BALF of patients was significantly higher than in non-infected healthy controls and correlated well with the percentage of CD3 + CD25 + cells. The level of RANTES in BALF was also significantly high in HTLV-1 carriers, but did not correlate with the percentage of CD3 + CD25 + cells. On the other hand, the level of MCP-1 in BALF of HTLV-1 carriers was not different from that of controls. Our results suggest a possible interaction between activated T cells bearing CD25 and β-chemokines, especially MIP-1α, which may contribute to the pulmonary involvement in HTLV-I carriers.