Evaluation of theantioxidant, genotoxic and cytotoxic activity of organic fractions from leavesand roots of Piper patulum Bertol.from Guatemala
2016
Piper patulum Bertol., is a native Mesoamerican species. Previous studies have
demonstrated that its leaves have antioxidant activity and the essential oil
has shown cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The aim of this
research was to demonstrate the antioxidant, cytotoxic and genotoxic activity
of fractions of the vegetal material.
Fractions were
obtained by separate sequential extraction of leaves and roots. Phytochemicals were
evaluated to determine the qualitative composition,
suggesting a possible pattern to continue the study of cytotoxic activity.
Qualitative antioxidant activity was evaluated by TLC based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) test, and quantitative DPPH and total
phenolics by spectrophotometry. Cytotoxic activity
against A. salina was evaluated
macrometrically, and towards cancer cell lines [U251 (glioma), MCF-7 (mammary)
and NCI-H460 (lung)] by micrometric sulforhodamine B assay, estimating the Total Growth Inhibition (TGI). Genotoxicity was
tested by the Allium cepa assay.
The dichloromethane
fraction from the roots showed the best antioxidant activity
(IC50 of 0.61 ± 0.04 mg/mL) and the greatest concentration of total
phenolics (848.42 ± 9.89 µg of gallic acid equivalents/mL). Cytotoxic activity
was determined against A. salina and
neoplastic cell lines. For A. salina,
the highest activity was observed in the methanol (DL50 0.26 ± 0.02
mg/mL) and dichloromethane (DL50 0.29 ± 0.02 mg/mL) organic
fractions from the roots. In cytotoxic assays against
cancer cell lines, the best TGI were obtained in the dichloromethane (U251:
68.9 µg/mL, MCF-7: 23.5 µg/mL, NCI-H460: 74.4 µg/mL) and ethyl acetate leaf
fractions (U251: 53.8 µg/mL, MCF-7: 42.0 µg/mL, NCI-H460: 71.6 µg/mL), and the
dichloromethane root fraction (U251: 94.2 µg/mL, MCF-7: 31.0µg/mL, NCI-H460:
88.6 µg/mL). By means of the A. cepa
assay, no genotoxic activity was demonstrated.
The dichloromethane
fraction of the leaf from P. patulum
shows interesting cytotoxic activity, which deserves further investigation of a
responsible molecule by bioguided fractionation.
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