Material Measurement Units for a Circular Economy: Foundations through a Survey.

Long-term availability of minerals and industrial materials is a necessary condition for sustainable development as they are the constituents of any manufacturing product. To enhance the efficiency of material management, we define a computer-vision-enabled material measurement system and provide a survey of works relevant to its development with particular emphasis on the foundations. A network of such systems for wide-area material stock monitoring is also covered. Finally, challenges and future research directions are discussed. As the first article bridging industrial ecology and advanced computer vision, this survey is intended to support both research communities towards more sustainable manufacturing.