Adsorption and switching properties of nitrospiropyran on Bi(1 1 4)

2017 
Spiropyrans are prototype molecular switches which undergo a reversible photoinduced ring-opening/-closure reaction between the closed three-dimensional spiropyran (SP) and the open, planar merocyanine (MC) form. In solution the SP isomer is the thermodynamically stable form. Using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, we resolve a thermally-activated irreversible ring-opening reaction of nitrospiropyran resulting in the more stable MC form for coverages above one monolayer. Thus, the situation found in solution is revered for the adsorbed molecules. In addition, illumination with blue light (445nm) induced also the ring-opening, while the photostimulated back-reaction could not be observed. The photoisomerization is driven by a substrate-mediated process, i.e., a charge transfer from the substrate into molecular states. The situation changes completely in the monolayer regime. Neither a thermally-assisted nor a photoinduced ring opening reaction have been identified. We ascribe the suppression to sterical effects stabilizing the SP form due to the surface structure of Bi(114), which consists of straight atomic rows separated by rough valleys.
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