Computational design of p-(dimethylamino)benzylidene-derived push-pull polyenes with high first-hyperpolarizabilities

Multiple theoretical investigations on three new series of donor-bridge-acceptor substituted compounds are employed to aid in the design of NLO-phores with high first-hyperpolarizabilities β. The effect of varying the acceptor (rhodanine, thiohydantoin and thiobarbituric acid derivatives-based) and bridge parts of these D-π-A systems was analyzed in terms of geometric and optoelectronic parameters such as bond length alternation, ground state dipole moments, HOMO and LUMO energies, UV-Vis absorption spectra, transition dipole moments, and electronic absorption energies. Various functionals with AUG-cc-pVDZ basis set including B3LYP, PBE38, ωB97XD, and Hartree-Fock method were employed to calculate β values, and the solvent effect was also considered by employing SMD model. The variation of first-hyperpolarizabilities has been explained satisfactorily in terms of the PBE38/AUG-cc-pVDZ level calculated spectroscopic properties in the light of the sum-over-states method and two-level model. The comprehensive study indicates that the most worthwhile targets for development as NLO-phores are compounds included longer π-bridge thereof.