Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its role in progression and prognosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma

Elevated VEGF mRNA (−ΔC T ) was significantly associated with adenocarcinoma histology (vs squamous) and advanced NSCLC clinical stages in a univariable analysis; however, this association did not remain significant in the multivariable analysis. Of interest, a Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that NSCLC patients with higher VEGF mRNA (−ΔC T  ≥10) had a significantly poorer overall survival and shorter postoperative relapse time in adenocarcinoma and in stage III/IV than those with VEGF mRNA of −ΔC T