Crosstalk-free simultaneous-source full waveform inversion with normalized seismic data

Abstract Simultaneous-source algorithms can increase the efficiency of full waveform inversion (FWI) dramatically through reducing the number of times of wavefield simulations. However, the multiple sources induce the crosstalk artifacts, which severely contaminate the inversion results. To solve this problem, we provide a crosstalk-free simultaneous-source algorithm with the normalized seismic data. Sine harmonic functions with arbitrary phases are used as different wavelets in a super shot and as the encoding operator. Based on this algorithm, the crosstalk artifacts are eliminated by deblending the simultaneous-source wavefield with little additional computation. Moreover, the estimation or inversion of source wavelets at each iteration for simultaneous-source data, which is crucial for successful FWI but would severely reduce the efficiency of simultaneous-source algorithms, are avoided by normalizing the seismic data with deconvolution. Since the simultaneous-source data are deblended, the proposed algorithm is naturally applicable to the marine mobile streamer seismic data. Furthermore, it is convenient to select the reference traces for deblended data, instead of simultaneous-source data, to eliminate or unify the wavelet information by deconvolution. Finally, we verify the proposed algorithm with the synthetic data.