Estimation of the Size Distribution of Suspended Particulate Matters in the Urban Atmospheric Surface Layer and Its Influence on Bronchopulmonary Pathology

2021 
The surface layer of the urban atmosphere significantly affects human health. Its quality depends on the level of air pollution. The aim was to determine the size distribution of suspended particulate matters (SPMs) in the atmospheric surface layer of Vladivostok city and to assess the response of the blood immune and metabolic parameters of the population with bronchopulmonary pathology. Sampling of SPMs was conducted in the continental zone of the city with a high level of technogenic pollution (138 samples) and the island part of the city with an insignificant level of technogenic pollution (132 samples). The SPM fractional composition was analyzed by laser granulometry. We examined patients with bronchopulmonary pathology living in a one-kilometer zone centered on sampling area for at least 5 years (continental territory—220 patients, island territory—176 patients). We calculated the D% index characterizing the integral response of the blood immune and metabolic parameters to the exposure of dust fractions. It was found that PM > 10 (mainly of a natural origin) predominate in the island zone with insignificant level of technogenic pollution. The PM10 fraction prevails in the area with a high level of technogenic pollution. The response of the immune and metabolic systems to the exposure to microparticles in population living in the marine and forest/park zone of the island indicates a health-improving effect of the area. Low values of D% were detected for the patients living in the area with a high air pollution level, indicating a pathogenic reaction of immune and prooxidant-oxidative systems.
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