Biotechnology Crop Adoption: Potential and Challenges of Genetically Improved Crops

The global agriculture sector must undergo significant changes to meet unprecedented challenges as the global population rises to more than 9 billion by 2050. New and innovative techniques will be required to ensure an ample supply of economically and physically accessible nutritious food across the globe. From the food deserts of inner cities to the nonproductive expenses of several regions, access to a healthy diet remains elusive for many. Dramatic increases in the occurrence of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and related ailments in more affluent countries are in sharp contrast to the chronic malnutrition in many less developed countries. Both sets of problems require a modified food supply, and the tools of biotechnology, although not the sole solution, have a significant role to play. Agricultural biotechnology already has helped farmers around the world to boost their productivity and grow crops in more ecologically healthy fields while allowing much more efficient use of resources. This technology allows reduced tillage, which cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions, water runoff, soil erosion, and fuel consumption. This technology also allows improved pest control, increased yields on existing acreage, and reduced pressure to convert forests and wildlands into farmland. However, the technology's potential may remain unfulfilled if barriers such as disproportionate and non-risk-based regulatory regimens, effective disinformation campaigns, and lack of resources prevail.