Mechanical shock method and device for effectively reducing laser cladding cracks

A mechanical shock device for effectively reducing laser cladding cracks mainly comprises a powder feeding type high-power semiconductor laser cladding device, a numerical control device and a mechanical shock assembly. According to the mechanical shock device, a workpiece to be subjected to fusion cladding is clamped through a three-jaw chuck or a four-jaw chuck, powder is fed to the workpiece in a preset powder feeding mode, mechanical shock with a certain frequency is applied to a single channel where laser cladding is completed, and a fusion cladding layer with excellent quality is obtained. Since dendritic crystals which are separated out preferentially in a molten pool can be effectively broken into pieces through mechanical vibration caused by the shock, crystal grains are refined, the plasticity of solidified crystals is improved, and heat cracks are avoided; moreover, under the hammering action of a mechanical shock hammer on the cladding single channel, residual tension produced in the cooling process of the molten pool can be partially balanced out, cold cracks are reduced, and the fusion cladding layer with the excellent quality is obtained.