Role of Dietary Copper in Enhancing Resistance to Escherichia coli Mastitis

Abstract The role of dietary copper in enhancing resistance to Escherichia coli mastitis was investigated in first-lactation heifers. Twenty-three primigravid Holstein heifers were maintained on a basal (6.5ppm copper; −Cu) diet or a diet supplemented (20ppm) with copper sulfate (+Cu) beginning 60 d prepartum through 42 d of lactation. Liver biopsies and blood samples were taken for liver and blood minerals and plasma ceruloplasmin. Milk samples were taken weekly postpartum for bacteriology. The overall mean liver Cu concentration was about threefold higher, and the overall mean plasma Cu concentration was greater in the +Cu group than the −Cu group. At 34 d of lactation, one pathogen-free quarter per animal was infused with 22 cfu of Escherichia coli strain 727. Plasma Cu was greater at −24, 0, 18, 24, 36, 96, 192, and 240h relative to infusion for +Cu animals. Plasma Zn concentration was higher at 24h for the +Cu group. Milk bacterial count (log 10 cfu/ml) was lower at 12, 18, and 48h for the +Cu group. Somatic cell count (log 10 /ml) was lower at 18h in +Cu animals. Clinical score at 24h was lower for +Cu cows, while at 144h, clinical score was lower for −Cu cows. Rectal temperature was lower at 18h for the +Cu group. Plasma ceruloplasmin and Fe, dry matter intake and milk production did not differ. Copper supplementation reduced the clinical response during experimental E. coli mastitis, but duration was unchanged.