Ultrasensitive enhanced fabrication-tolerance refractometer based on PANDA-air-hole microfiber at the birefringent dispersion turning point

We present an ultrasensitive enhanced fabrication-tolerance refractometer utilizing the polarimetric interference of a tapered PANDA-air-hole fiber (PAHF). To obtain high birefringence and unique group birefringence, the PAHF is specially designed by introducing double air holes into the cladding. Ultrahigh sensitivity can be achieved by reducing the group birefringence difference to zero, defined as birefringent dispersion turning point (BDTP). By modifying the diameter of PAHF, the birefringent dispersion can be effectively manipulated to reduce the group birefringence difference. In this way, the workable diameter range for realizing the ultrahigh sensitivity is twice as large as that of conventional microfibers. Additionally, the ultrasensitive wavelength band is dramatically expanded by at least 600 nm, enabling a compact structure and a flexible fiber-length design. Due to the tunable dispersion optimization, the distinctive properties of ultrahigh sensitivity, enhanced fabrication tolerance, and broadband operation can be achieved. We experimentally verified the ultrahigh refractive index sensitivity of 47223 nm/RIU around the BDTP, and the experimental results matched well with the simulations.