Diversity among cultivated sunflower resources and use in breeding
2011
The first significant breeding to high oil content in sunflowers, which took
place in Russia from 1930, concerned open pollinated varieties. These were
the basis of modern breeding programmes, which started in 1950-60, mainly in
Europe, Canada, the USA and Argentina, but work in that period in countries
such as Morocco, Australia and Chile also produced genotypes of direct
agronomic interest, or which widened the genetic variability available.
Studies of the structure of this variability have become possible following
genotyping of large numbers of inbred lines by microsatellites (2 or 3 per
linkage group) and the definition of core collections which cover a large
part of the diversity in cultivated sunflower. Although some geographic
effects on combining ability have been reported, the main groups which appear
are characterized by cms maintenance or male fertility restoration. The
collections defined should be useful in similar studies for the determination
of genome sequences controlling important phenotypic characters, although for
characters determined by parts of the genome poorly represented by the
markers, enriched or specific collections may be necessary. Such knowledge
should help to optimize the use of sunflower genetic resources in breeding.
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