Wastewater Treatment Techniques: An Introduction

Currently, the world is facing water quality crisis resulting from land use changes, industrialization, agricultural practices, sewerage, and poor wastewater management practices. Wastewater comprises a combination of one or more of domestic effluent, industrial effluent, agricultural runoff, and water from commercial establishment and institution including hospitals. Untreated wastewater released into the environment can cause health and environmental problem and can have an economic impact. Wastewater treatment process is used worldwide for removal of existing contamination before reuse or disposal into the environment. In this article, various wastewater treatment techniques, basic fundamentals, and their consequent pollutants removal are discussed briefly.