Florentine papyri under examination: the material study of the inks used at the beginning of the Common Era in the “Family of Kôm Kâssûm” Archive (Hermopolis)

Carbon inks with metallic admixtures are found on some papyri of the 2nd century CE from a family archive in Hermopolis. The great diversity of inks found in a single household within a short period of time suggests that inks were purchased rather than self-made.