The host microbiome and impact of tuberculosis chemotherapy
2018
The treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is often viewed in isolation from other human microbial
symbionts. Understandably, the clinical priority is eliminating active or latent tuberculosis (TB) in patients. With
the increasing resolution of molecular biology technologies, it is becoming apparent that antibiotic treatment
can perturb the homeostasis of the host microbiome. For example, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been
associated with an increased risk of the development of asthma, obesity and diabetes. Therefore, fundamental
questions include: Does TB chemotherapy cause disruption of the human microbiome and adverse effects in
patients; and are there signature taxa of dysbiosis following TB treatment. In this review, we examine recent
research on the detection of changes in the microbiome during antibiotic administration and discuss specific
findings that relate to the impact of anti-tubercular chemotherapy.
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