A multi-omic cohort as a reference point for promoting a healthy human gut microbiome

More than a decade of gut microbiome studies has a common goal for human health. As most of the disease studies sample the elderly or the middle-aged, a reference cohort for young healthy individuals has been lacking. It is also not clear what other omics data need to be measured to better understand the gut microbiome. Here we present high-depth metagenomic shotgun sequencing data for the fecal microbiome together with other omics data in a cohort of ~2183 adults. A number of vitamins, amino acids and trace elements leave their marks on the gut microbiome and cluster with T cell receptor types. Gender and hormones, especially aldosterone have their impacts. Effects of physical fitness, sleeping habits and dairy consumption are also demonstrated in this large multi-omic cohort. Thus, our comprehensive data are poised to advise future study designs and offer support for exercising and yogurt consumption.