Tanshinone I inhibits the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma via suppressing JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway

Tanshinone I (Tan I) is a widely used diterpene compound derived from the traditional Chinese herb Danshen. Increasing evidence suggests that it exhibits anti‐cancer activity in various human cancers. However, the in vitro and in vivo effects of Tan I on osteosarcoma (OS) remain inadequately elucidated, especially those against tumour metastasis. Our results showed that Tan I significantly inhibited OS cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, treatment with 10 and 20 mg/kg Tan I effectively suppressed tumour growth in subcutaneous xenografts and orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In addition, Tan I significantly inhibited tumour metastasis in intracardiac inoculation xenograft models. The results also showed that Tan I‐induced increased expression of the proapoptotic gene Bax and decreased expression of the anti‐apoptotic gene Bcl‐2 is the possible mechanism of its anti‐cancer effects. Tan I was also found to abolish the IL‐6‐mediated activation of the JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway. Conclusively, this study is the first to show that Tan I suppresses OS growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it may be a potential novel and efficient drug candidate for the treatment of OS progression.