Structural evolution and electrical properties of lead-free (1-x) (K0.4Na0.6)Nb0.96Sb0.04O3-xBa0.1(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.9ZrO3 ceramics

Abstract New lead-free piezoelectric ceramic system based on (1- x ) (K 0.4 Na 0.6 ) Nb 0.96 Sb 0.04 O 3 - x Ba 0.1 (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.9 ZrO 3 was designed and fabricated by using conventional ceramic processing techniques. An investigation was carried out with a focus on the effects of Ba 0.1 (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.9 ZrO 3 content on the phase structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. It was found that adding Ba 0.1 (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.9 ZrO 3 could move the rhombohedral-orthorhombic phase transition temperature upwards and simultaneously shift the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition temperature downwards, and thereby resulted in the formation of a rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary with 0.045 ≤  x  ≤ 0.05. The piezoelectric properties were obviously enhanced for the ceramics with compositions near the rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary. Furthermore, an analysis was as well conducted on the main characteristics of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition of the ceramics. Our experimental results suggest that the Ba 0.1 (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.9 ZrO 3 is an effective additive for the construction of phase boundaries in (K,Na)NbO 3 -based ceramics, therefore benefiting the improvement of piezoelectric activity.