3-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF ELECTRON CLOUDS IN NON-UNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELDS

Electron clouds have the potential to pose serious limitations on accelerator performance in both hadron and lepton beams. Experiments using rf diagnostics are being performed to measure electron cloud densities at a number of accelerator facilities. However, it is difficult to calibrate plasma density with signal strength in these experiments, and modeling involves a number of technical and numerical challenges. Typically 2-Dimensional electrostatic methods have been used to model cloud buildup under beam crossing conditions. However, since traveling-wave rf experiments typically occur over many meters of beam pipe where magnetic fields are changing, one needs to develop 3-Dimensional electromagnetic models in order to accurately simulate rf diagnostics. We have developed accurate models of electron cloud-induced phase shifts in rf in a system with spatially varying magnetic field configurations using the plasma simulation code Vorpal. We present here results for measuring phase shifts in the CESR wiggler with realistic, spatially non-uniform magnetic field configurations.