Deficient repair of cisplatin-DNA adducts identified in human testicular teratoma cell lines established from tumours from untreated patients

Germ cell tumour lines appear generally more sensitive in vitro to cisplatin than other cultured cell lines, reflecting their clinical responsiveness. We proposed (Cancer Res 1988, 48, 3019–3024) that cisplatin hypersensitivity, expressed by a testicular teratoma line (SuSa), might be explained by an inability to repair platinated DNA. We have now quantitated cisplatin cytotoxicity by clonogenic assay, and platinum (Pt)-DNA adduct formation and removal immunochemically in four other testicular teratoma continuous cell lines (GCT46, GCT27 clone 4, H32 and H12.1), all established from tissue from non-drug-treated patients. For 1-h in vitro drug exposures, the cisplatin concentration required to reduce survival by 50% (ic50) ranged from 0.09 to 0.42 μg/ml (0.3–1.4 μM). Immediately following a 1-h exposure to 5 μ/ml cisplatin, total cellular platination levels ranged from 4.5 to 36.8 fmol Pt per μg DNA, with lower platination occurring in the most sensitive lines. Following an 18-h post-treatment incubation period, the levels of the major cis-Pt(NH3)2d(pGpG) (Pt-GG) adducts were not significantly reduced in any of the four lines, indicating a general deficiency in either the rate or extent of removal of these lesions. Deficient removal of the cis-Pt(NH3)2d(pApG) adducts was also noted in two of the lines. DNA polymerase β gene expression was comparable in all the tested testicular lines established from previously untreated patients, but markedly lower than that identified in the 833K testicular line, established from a drug-treated patient and identified earlier as proficient in Pt-GG adduct removal (Cancer Res 1988, 48, 3019–3024). Expression of the DNA excision repair genes ERCC-1 and XPBC/ERCC-3 was not significantly different in any of the five lines tested, including the 833K cell line. These data provide evidence of the apparent inability of testicular cell lines, derived from untreated tumours, to repair the major platinum-DNA intrastrand crosslinks, and so provide a biological basis for their hypersensitivity to cisplatin.