The Virtual Lab Scientist: how two DNA crime laboratories use automation to increase sample processing output by more than 40%

Abstract Introduction: the productivity challenge: hiring versus automation DNA scientists are the greatest asset of any DNA laboratory. They provide the labour and expertise to perform testing and complete cases, accomplishing the fundamental work of the lab. At the same time, scientists also represent a large liability, as salaries, benefits, vacations and training add up to big recurring costs. As crime labs are faced with growing caseloads and backlogs, a common approach to address the increasing workload is to hire more staff. The hiring approach may create two new challenges. First, it takes up to two years to recruit, hire and train a scientist to process cases, meaning a considerable delay and huge investment in human resources before they can process a single sample on their own. Second, if the lab is addressing a backlog, what happens after it has been eliminated? While ultimately the lab's goal, it may then have too many staff on the payroll for the typical number of cases it receives. Turnover is a challenge for U.S. crime labs. Forensic DNA scientists who have completed their training are often recruited by other labs, meaning it is often difficult to keep a full level of staffing, contributing to perpetuating a processing backlog. Two case studies: automation creates “Virtual DNA Scientist” without hiring There is an alternative: bar code readers, integrated instrumentation and specialized DNA sample processing software have enabled lab staff to complete far more cases than was possible using the manual methods of even a few years ago. Investing in technology will enable current staff to substantially increase productivity while spending less money – without a single new hire. This article examines how two forensic DNA labs used technology to increase throughput by more than 40% without hiring. In essence, these labs have created Virtual DNA Scientists through their embrace of technology. The Virtual DNA Scientist works 24/7 without the need for salary or benefits.