THREE-DIMENSIONAL LASER SCANNING TWO-PHOTON FLUORESCENCE CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY OF POLYMER MATERIALS USING A NEW, EFFICIENT UPCONVERTING FLUOROPHORE
2006
Three-dimensional confocal imaging of polymer samples was achieved by the use of two-photon excited fluorescence in both positive and negative contrast modes. The fluorophore was a new and highly efficient two-photon induced upconverter, resulting in improved signal strength at low pumping power. Because of the relatively long wavelength of the excitation source (798 nm from a mode-locked Ti:Sap-phire laser), this technique shows a larger penetration depth into the samples than provided by conventional single-photon fluorescence confocal microscopy. Single-photon and two-photon images of the same area of each sample show significant differences. The results suggest the possibility of using two-photon confocal microscopy, in conjunction with highly efficient fluorophores, as a tool to study the surface, interface, and fracture in material science applications.
Keywords:
- Light sheet fluorescence microscopy
- Scanning confocal electron microscopy
- Two-photon excitation microscopy
- Optics
- Analytical chemistry
- Fluorescence microscope
- Photoactivated localization microscopy
- Confocal
- Materials science
- Fluorescence loss in photobleaching
- Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy
- Microscopy
- Super-resolution microscopy
- Optoelectronics
- Confocal microscopy
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