Oxidative damage, antioxidant defense and DNA repair capacity in patients with Primary Dyslipidemia

Introduction Primary Dyslipidemia is a group of genetic disorders of lipid metabolism. Biomolecules oxidative damage has been reported in those patients, although DNA repair capacity is less reported. The aim of this work is evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers and DNA repair capacity in dyslipidemic patients. Material and Methods Plasma levels of malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation products of proteins and GSH, as well as the activities of SOD1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were measured in patients from a Hospital in Havana. Comet assay was used to evaluate single strand breaks, oxidation-induced DNA damage, and repair capacity in isolated lymphocytes. Results Levels of plasma MDA and GSH were higher in patients, as well as the enzymatic activity of GPx and GR. However, CAT and SOD1 activities did not significantly differ between patients and healthy controls. Additionally, no differences in DNA damage were observed between groups, but DNA repair capacity was significantly slower in patients, mainly in patients with Familiar Hypercholesterolemia (FH). Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia patients showed normal DNA repair. Conclusions These findings show alterations in biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients. The deficiencies in the repair mechanisms could be related with the clinic evolution and the severity of complications in patients with FH.