Fatty acids of oil and antioxidant capacity of phenolics from fruits of 11 Cardueae (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) taxa from northeast Anatolia (Turkey)
2019
Members of the tribe Cardueae have become a subject of major interest due to
problems of their taxonomy and phylogeny, their possession of biologically
active metabolites and their use in traditional medicine. The present study
was conducted on 11 taxa of the tribe Cardueae collected from natural
habitats in Turkey. In it we investigated the oil content of cypselae, fatty
acid composition of the oil and the antioxidant capacity of phenolics from
the cypselae. The results showed that the total oil content ranged from 1.45
to 9.28%. The main fatty acid was linoleic acid (C18:2n6; 44.36-70.49%),
followed by oleic acid (C18:1n9; 11.41-23.71%), a situation which varied
significantly among the taxa, as did the concentrations of different sums of
fatty acids (PUFAs, 45.21-78.82%; SFAs, 6.53-14.06%; MUFAs, 12.21-41.40%).
The total content of phenolic compounds (TPC; 428.17-752.14 mg/100 g of dry
weight) and total flavonoid content (TF; 132.19-336.41 mg/100 g of dry
weight) were in strong positive correlation with antioxidant capacity
(range; micromol/g of dry weight) determined using DPPH (65.94-147.9), FRAP
(32.32- 86.42), CUPRAC (41.04-92.91) and ORAC (22.11-51.24) assays. The data
demonstrated that a higher content of phenolic compounds resulted in a
higher antioxidant capacity, while a lower content resulted in a low
antioxidant capacity. Relative proportions and quantities of fatty acids can
be used as additional biochemical markers in taxonomy of the tribe. The
present findings suggest that consumption of cypselae of those species that
are rich in phenolic compounds and fatty acids may potentially be beneficial
to human health by preventing chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress.
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