Improving NCEP HWRF Simulations of Surface Wind and Inflow Angle in the Eyewall Area

AbstractThis technical note describes a modification of the boundary layer parameterization scheme in the hurricane weather and research forecast (HWRF) model, which improves the simulations of low-level wind and surface inflow angle in the eyewall area and has been implemented in the HWRF system and used in the operational system since 2016. The modification is on an observation-based adjustment of eddy diffusivity previously implemented in the model. It is needed because the previous adjustment resulted in a discontinuity in the vertical distribution of eddy diffusivity near the surface-layer top, which increases the friction within the surface layer and compromises the surface-layer constant-flux assumption. The discontinuity affects the simulation of storm intensity and intensification, one of the main metrics of model performance, particularly in strong tropical cyclones. This issue is addressed by introducing a height-dependent adjustment so that the vertical profile of eddy diffusivity is continuou...