ANTAGONISMO IN VITRO DE AISLADOS BACTERIANOS DE FRESA COMERCIAL Y SILVESTRE VS. Botrytis cinerea Y Rhizopus stolonifer ANTAGONISM IN VITRO OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM COMERCIAL AND WILD STRAWBERRY VS. Botrytis cinerea AND Rhizopus stolonifer

2012 
RESUMEN La fresa es una fruta no climaterica, con una vida postcosecha muy corta. La perdida de calidad del fruto puede deberse, entre otros factores a danos ocasionados por fitopatogenos. Entre los mas comunes se encuentran los hongos causantes del moho gris (Botrytis cinerea), y podredumbre blanca (Rhizopus stolonifer) dos fitopatogenos de gran impacto por su velocidad de crecimiento la cual les permite colonizar la superficie de los mismos ocasionado importantes perdidas economicas. Una alternativa para el control de los danos por patogenos en frutos postcosecha es el uso de antagonistas microbianos que pueden estar presentes en la planta o el fruto pero en densidades bajas. En este estudio se aislaron bacterias de tejido foliar y frutos de fresa silvestre (Duchesnea indica Andr. Fock) y comercial. Se seleccionaron aquellos aislados que presentaron los mayores porcentajes de inhibicion del crecimiento micelial de ambos fitopatogenos in vitro. Se aislaron un total de 32 cepas de las cuales 15 provinieron de fresa silvestre y 24 de fresa comercial. Se obtuvieron solo nueve cepas con potencial biocontrolador para uno o ambos patogenos. Los mayores porcentajes de inhibicion del crecimiento micelial oscilaron entre 67.1% y 81.7% para Botrytis cinerea y 45.5% a 73.2% para Rhizopus stolonifer. Estos fueron obtenidos por cuatro aislados dos obtenidos de fresa silvestre y dos de comercial, todos ellos con capacidad para controlar a ambos fitopatogenos. Palabras clave: Biocontrol Postcosecha, moho gris, podredumbre blanca, frutillas SUMMARY Strawberry is a non-climacteric fruit, with a short postharvest life. The loss of fruit quality may be due, among other factors to damage caused by pathogens. Among the most common fungi are causing gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) and white rot (Rhizopus stolonifer) two phytopathogenic impact on their growth rate which allows you to colonize the surface of these caused major economic losses. An alternative to control damage in fruit postharvest pathogens using microbial antagonists may be present in the plant or fruit, but at low densities. In this study bacteria were isolated from leaf tissue and wild strawberry fruit (Duchesnea indicates Andr. Fock) and comercial strawberry. Those isolates that were selected had the highest percentages of inhibition of mycelial growth of both pathogens in vitro. We isolated a total of 32 strains of which 15 came from wild strawberry and 24 commercial strawberry. Only nine strains were obtained with biocontrol potential for one or both pathogens. The highest percentages of mycelial growth inhibition ranged from 67.1% and 81.7% for Botrytis cinerea and 45.5% to 73.2% for Rhizopus stolonifer. These were obtained from four isolates two of them from wild strawberry and the others from commercial strawberry, all with ability to control both pathogens.
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