Investigation on viscous synergism and antagonism prevailing in binary mixtures of cyclohexylamine with isomeric butanols by volumetric, viscometric, refractive index and ultrasonic speed measurements

Densities, ρ, viscosities, η, speeds of sound, u and refractive indices, n D, were measured for the binary systems of cyclohexylamine with 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol and t-butanol at 298.15 K over the entire composition range. From the experimental results, the excess volume, V E, the deviations in relative viscosity, Δη, and synergic index, I S, are derived by the equation developed by Kalentunc-Gencer and Peleg [J. Texture Studies 17, 61 (1986)] and Howell [Elucidation of protein–protein interactions in gels and foams, in Proceedings of 7th International Conference Wales 1993, edited by G.O. Phillips, P.A. Williams and D.J. Wedlock (Oxford University Press, New York, 1994)], respectively. Isentropic compressibility, , and deviation in refractive indices, Δn D, were also calculated. The above functions show the deviations from the additivity law, which depend on the nature of the carbon chain of the alcohols.