Prognostic Factors for Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated with Immune-cell Therapy

The past 17 years, immune-cell therapy has been administered to 990 patients with advanced or recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 50 patients with curatively resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma.The correlation between overall survival (OS) and various factors including sex, age, performance status (PS), distant metastasis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and type of immune-cell therapy were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.The median OS of advanced or recurrent pancreatic cancer was 5.8 months, and the prognosis was improved in pancreatic cancer patients who received immune-cell therapy with PS scores of 0-1 [hazard risk (HR)=0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.46-0.68; p<0.0001], chemotherapy (HR=0.68; 95%CI=0.54-0.87; p=0.002), or radiotherapy (HR=0.76; 95%CI=0.63-0.93; p=0.006). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that distant metastasis indicated a poor prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients that were administered immune-cell therapy (HR=1.62; 95%CI=1.37-1.93; p<0.0001). Additionally, the combined immune-cell therapy with αβ T cell and dendritic cell (DC) vaccine provided a survival benefit in advanced or recurrent pancreatic cancer patients (HR=0.69; 95%CI=0.57-0.83; p<0.0001).A survival benefit could be potentially obtained with better PS by the combination of αβ T cell therapy, DC vaccine therapy, and chemotherapy at an early stage in pancreatic cancer.