Energy-Aware Power Control in Energy Cooperation Aided Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks With Renewable Energy Resources

Increased energy consumption becomes a major issue in 5G cellular networks, which inspires the network operators to deploy renewable energy sources. However, due to the fluctuating nature of renewable energy sources, the energy harvested by base stations (BSs) may not fit for their load conditions. The transmit power of the BS needs to be redesigned again. Hence, this paper considers power control in energy cooperation enabled millimeter wave networks, to alleviate the harvested energy imbalance problem and reduce the energy waste. Each BS is solely powered by renewable energy sources and the harvested energy is allowed to be transferred between BSs. Each BS needs to determine whether the energy should be stored in the battery or transferred to others at each time slot. In this paper, power control is formulated as a stochastic optimization problem, aiming at maximizing the time average network utility while keeping the network stable. An online algorithm called dynamic energy-aware power allocation is proposed based on Lyapunov optimization, which does not need to acquire any statistical knowledge of channels and traffic arrivals. Simulation results show that compared with the power control scheme without energy cooperation, the proposed algorithm with energy cooperation can achieve higher network sum rate while reducing the delay and the required battery capacity.