Robust Cs fountain clocks, novel evaluation tools and flexible operational configurations

Maintaining a robust and largely autonomous timescale is a task not only for national measurement institutes, but also for timing labs at large scientific facilities, military and security agencies or telecom and financial service providers. The most stable local timescales consist of a flywheel clock (usually a hydrogen maser) that is frequently steered using corrections provided by an atomic fountain frequency standard whose local oscillator is weakly locked to that clock.