A machine learning accelerated FE 2 homogenization algorithm for elastic solids.

The FE$^2$ homogenization algorithm for multiscale modeling iterates between the macroscale and the microscale (represented by a representative volume element) till convergence is achieved at every increment of macroscale loading. The information exchange between the two scales occurs at the gauss points of the macroscale finite element discretization. The microscale problem is also solved using finite elements on-the-fly thus rendering the algorithm computationally expensive for complex microstructures. We invoke machine learning to establish the input-output causality of the RVE boundary value problem using a neural network framework. This renders the RVE as a blackbox which gets the information from the macroscale as an input and gives information back to the macroscale as output, thereby eliminating the need for on-the-fly finite element solves at the RVE level. This framework has the potential to significantly accelerate the FE$^2$ algorithm.