Complete mitochondrial genome of the soybean leaffolder, Omiodes indicata (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae), and phylogenetic analysis for Pyraloidea

Abstract Complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Omiodes indicata was sequenced and characterized. The circular mitogenome is 15,367 bp long, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and an A + T-rich region. Nucleotide composition is highly biased toward A + T nucleotides (81.6%). All 13 PCGs initiate with canonical start codon (ATN), except for cox1 that initiates with CGA. All tRNAs have a typical clover-leaf structure, except for trnS1 (AGN) in which the base pairs of the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm are reduced. In O. indicata , the motifs “ATGATAA” and “ATACTAA” between atp8 and atp6 , trnS2 and nad1 , respectively, and the motifs “ATAG” and “ATTTA” in the A + T-rich region can be identified. Comparative phylogenetic analyses based on four datasets show that the dataset including all coding positions of 13 PCGs exhibit the highest informativeness in resolving higher phylogeny of Pyraloidea. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses yield generally well-supported phylogenetic relationships among the eleven pyraloid subfamilies involved. However, the relationships among the five subfamilies (Acentropinae, Crambinae, Glaphyriinae, Schoenobiinae and Scopariinae) in ML analysis are ambiguous, which might be resolved by ample sampling in future mitogenome-based phylogenetic studies.